[Effect of whole body vibration on healthy rat plasma parameters]

Whole body vibration [WBV] has been regarded as an exercise training method and as a non-pharmacological supportive treatment option appearing to be efficient for chronic disease conditions, such as bone disorders and cardio-respiratory fitness. Since, data on the safety and efficacy of vibration on plasma parameters are lacking, therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of WBV on the plasma parameters in adult male Wistar rat model. Male Wistar rats weighing 140-180 g were divided into control and the vibration group. Vibration training consisted of vertical sinusoidal whole body vibration for 8 weeks, followed by blood collection. The vibrated rats weighed more than the control group [approximately 14% more]. Plasma CK, E2 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the vibration group compared with the controls. The mean of Vit. D level was 15% higher; hsCRP level was 11% lower and IL-6 level was 32% higher in the vibration group. No difference was observed for other selected plasma parameters. The potential effects of physiological responses of WBV on several physiological systems are without deteriorations in plasma parameters

Effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on healing of denervated Tibial fracture in the rabbit

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound [LIPUS] has been shown in healing of fractures. This study investigates the effect of LIPUS as a fracture-healing adjunct on the denervated tibial fractures in rabbit model. Twenty four male Dutch rabbits were randomly divided into four groups including two control and two ultrasound-treated [US-treated] groups. A standardized mid-tibial osteotomy was performed in the right tibia. Ipsilateral sciatic nerve was cut two centimeter above the right knee. After three days, the rabbits of US-treated groups received the therapeutic dose [100 mW/cm[]] of ultrasound for 15 minutes per day until the 6th and 8th week and the control groups did not receive any treatment. The rabbits were sacrificed at weeks 6th and 8th post surgery and the external fixator and tibia were carefully removed. Radiographs were taken by lateral and anteroposterior views. Mechanical testing of rabbit's tibiae was used. The specimens were taken from callus of fracture for histomorphometric study of trabecula in the fractured area. Immunohistochemical staining for ki67 was used to evaluate cellular proliferation. Radiographs showed the callus was visible indicating the ossification of the callus tissue without any significant difference between US- treated and control groups. Biomechanical, histomorphic and immunohistochemical evaluations had no significant difference between control and US-treated groups after 6 and 8 weeks postoperation. These finding suggest that ultrasound therapy with features which applied in this study had no significant effect on denervated tibial fracture repair in rabbits

[Evaluation of L-Carnitine effect on the testis tissue of mature Exposed with Cadmium]

The evaluation of L-Carnitine effect on the testis tissue of mature rats exposed to Cadmium This research was carried out on 30 mature male rats, weighting about 180-240gr. Animals were divided into five groups. The first group [control group] received nothing. The second group [distilled water.0.3rn1] third group [L-Carnitine. 500 mglkg Body Weight] fourth group [Cadmium, lmg-kg B.W] and for the fifth group [L-Carnitine 500 mg/kg B.W and Cadmium 1mg/kg B.W] were injected intraperitoneally for 16 days at an interval of 48h between subsequent treatments. Animals were sacrificed on day 17 after the first treatment. For the evaluation of the sperm count the right cauda epididymis was removed and immidiately imrnei-sede into lOmI of the FIBSS. For the histological evaluation, the right testis was submerged into the 10% formaline. with innnuno-liistocheinical [Ki-67] staining, the number of ccll proliferation in the seminiferous tubes were evaluated, as well as the testicular histology evaluated by the Johosen Score. Following contamination with Cadmium the rats showed decrease in the number of cuda epididyniss sperm the number of cell proliferation and number of spernmtogenic cells in the seminiferous tubes. In addition L-Carnitine caused increase in the number of cuda epididymis sperm, the number of cell proliferation and number of spermatogenic cells in Cadmium induced group. Reasults demonstrated beneficial effects of L-Carnitine treatment in cadmium toxicity on number of cauda epididymis sperm and testicular tissue

[ Effect of Di-[2-Ethylhexyl] Phthalate [DEHP] on Mouse Daily Sperm Production and Epididymal Sperm Parameters]

The purpose of tins study is to evaluate the effect of Di-[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate [DEHP] ontesticular spermatid number per gram testis [TSN]. daily sperm production [DSP], count, motility, viability morphology, and chromatine quality of epididymal sperm. The protocol for DEHP administration was [hat adult male NMRI mice [the age group or 4 weeks] received 2g DEHP/100ul corn oil/kg, and vehicle group received l00uI corn oil/kg by gavage for 14 days. The control group did not receive DEHP. All the salliples were assessed according to World Health Organization [WHO] criteria. Sperm morphology was assessed using papanicula staining Sperm chromatine quality was assessed using aniline-blue staning Results: Administration of DEHP induced significantly reduction of TSN, DSP and epididymal sperm count [p < 0.05]. The percentage of motility, viability, normal morphology, and chromosomal quality were significantly low in comparison with control group [p < 0.05]. These results demonstrated that DEHP administration has toxic effects on TSN, DEP. Epididymal sperm parameter and finally on male reproductive system

Impact of daily consumption of iron fortified ready-to-eat cereal and pumpkin seed kernels [Cucurbitapepo l.] on serum iron in adult women

The objective of this study was to consider the effectiveness of consumption of iron fortified ready-to-eat cereal and pumpkin seed kernels as two sources of dietary iron on status of iron nutrition and response of hematological characteristics of women at reproductive ages. Eight healthy female, single or non pregnant subjects, aged 20-37 y consumed 30 g of iron fortified ready-to-eat cereal [providing 7.1 mg iron/day] plus 30 g of pumpkin seed kernels [providing 4.0 mg iron/day] for four weeks. Blood samples collected on the day 20 of menstrual cycles before and after consumption and indices of iron status such as reticulocyte count, Hb, Ht, serum ferritin, iron, TIBC, transferrin and transferrin saturation percent were determined. Better response for iron status was observed after consumption period. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the pre and post consumption phase for higher serum iron, higher transferrin saturation percent, and lower TIBC. All individuals had higher serum iron after consumption. A significant positive correlation between the differences in serum iron levels and differences in transferrin saturation percentages and a significant negative correlation between the differences in serum iron levels and differences in TIBC was found, as well. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional problems in the world affecting billions of people through the world and impairs growth and cognition. Fortified foods contribute to maintaining optimal nutritional status and minimizing the likelihood of iron insufficiencies and use of fortified ready-to-eat cereals is a common strategy. The results showed that adding another food source of iron such as pumpkin seed kernels improves the iron status. Additional and longer studies using these two food products are recommended to further determine the effect of iron fortification on iron nutrition and status among the target population, and mainly in young children, adolescents, women of reproductive ages and pregnant women

[Effects of boron and calcium supplementation on mechanical properties of bone in rats]

The objective of this study was to consider the effects of boron [B] and calcium [Ca] supplementation on mechanical properties of bone tissues and mineral content of selected bones in rats. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent three different treatments with boron and calcium in their drinking water, while being fed ad libitum for 4weeks. Rats were placed into three treatment groups: group1 were given 2 mg B/d; group 2, 300 mg Ca/d, and group 3, a combination of 2 mg B + 300 mg Ca/d. After the experimental period body weights were recorded and bone mechanical properties were determined on the tibiae, femurs, and fifth lumbar vertebral bones and the mineral contents of these bones was calculated as the ash percentage. Bone mechanical properties were observed to be better after boron supplementation. The hardness of the lumbar vertebral bones tended to increase in all groups. The group receiving Boron supplementation demonstrated maximal hardness in all bones while calcium supplementation had the least effect; however, in the case of lumbar vertebral bones, this negative effect was corrected in the presence of boron,. Highest mean energy to maximal load was shown with boron supplementation, demonstrating significant differences with Ca group; in comparison with the controls, least difference in mean energy to maximal load, was seen in the Calcium group. There were no significant differences in energy and deformation with ultimate load among the four groups. There were no significant differences in ash weights among the four groups. Boron supplementation increased the bone mechanical properties in rats and its efficiency tended to be higher in lumbar vertebral bones

[Effects of high frequency electromagnetic radiation [27.12 MHz] on ultrastructure of bone formation in the rat embryos]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high frequency electromagnetic radiation [27.12 MHz] on ultrastructure of bone in the rat embryos

Material and Methods: Three experimental groups were formed: Experimental group 1 was exposed continuously during the pregnancy period from day 0 through day 6, Experimental group 2 from day 7 through day 13 and Experimental group 3 from day 14 through day 20 of gestation. These experimental groups were exposed to 10 W/cm2 at 27.12 MHz radiation for 15 minutes twice daily for 7 days. Total exposure time for each rat was 210 minutes. Three Sham exposure groups were also exposed to 0 W/cm2 for 15minutes twice daily for 7 days. The Control group had no exposure. Ultrastructure of mid-diaphysis of tibia from twenty one 21 day old rat embryos were studied by transmission electron microscope

Results: The results showed that colonic temperature of experimental rats were increased. Ultrastructure of mid-diaphysial portion of tibia in the experimental rats revealed cytoplasmic vacuolization and shrinkage, degeneration of some organelles, nuclear condensation in the osteoblasts and decreased of amount of bony trabecula in the extracellular matrix. These degenerative changes were increased in experimental groups especially in experimental group 2 that received radiation during 7 through 13 days of gestation

Conclusion: The results showed that high frequency radiation caused structural changes in exposed osteoblasts and it retarded bone formation in the rat embryos